family characteristics and properties
Elements of the same family show similar characteristics such as chemical re-activity or the same number of valence electrons.
alkali metals
PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERISTICS
- These metals are found in group 1 of your periodic table
- These elements react with water to form hydroxide ions, creating basic solution (pH>7), which are also called alkaline solutions
- Most reactive metals
- Tend to donate electrons in reactions and have an oxidation state of plus 1
- Low boiling point and melting point
- Less dense than most other elements
- All found naturally in nature but not in pure forms
- Large atomic radii
- Highly reactive
TRENDS
. - Electronegativity and ionization energy increase across a period and up the group
(in other words Alkali metals have the lowest electronegativity and ionization energy)
- Atomic radius increase from right to left across a period and down the group
- Boiling points and melting points increase from the bottom of the group to the top of the group
- These metals are found in group 1 of your periodic table
- These elements react with water to form hydroxide ions, creating basic solution (pH>7), which are also called alkaline solutions
- Most reactive metals
- Tend to donate electrons in reactions and have an oxidation state of plus 1
- Low boiling point and melting point
- Less dense than most other elements
- All found naturally in nature but not in pure forms
- Large atomic radii
- Highly reactive
TRENDS
. - Electronegativity and ionization energy increase across a period and up the group
(in other words Alkali metals have the lowest electronegativity and ionization energy)
- Atomic radius increase from right to left across a period and down the group
- Boiling points and melting points increase from the bottom of the group to the top of the group
alkaline earth metals
PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERISTICS
- These elements are found in group 2 - Have 2 electrons in valence shell having an oxidation state of plus 2 - Easily lose electrons - Pure form are shiny and silvery and rarely appear in pure form - Low ionization energy - Exist with 2 plus charge most of the time - Readily form divalent cations |
halogens
PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERISTICS
- Group 17 of the table - Left of noble gases - Have 7 valence electrons requiring only one other electron to form a full octet - More reactive than other non metal groups - Never seen uncombined in nature - Melting and boiling points increase down the group - Atomic radius increase down the group - Ionization Energy decrease down the group - Very reactive especially with groups 1 and 2 where they form ionic compounds |
noble gases
PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERISTICS
- Group 18 of the table located on the far right - Have filled valence electrons - Extremely non-reactive - Atomic mass, boiling point, and atomic radii Increase down a group in the periodic table - First ionization energy Decreases down a group in the periodic table - Have largest ionization Energies - Increase in density down the group - Stable and tending not to form bonds - Noble gases are colorless, odorless, tasteless and non flammable gases under standard conditions - Low boiling and melting points |